Current Issue
March 2024
Volume 39, No.1
pISSN 1225-7117
eISSN 2288-8268
Articles
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Abstract : Probiotic microorganisms are one of the useful ingredients that can be used in the manufacture of cosmetics and internal beauty products. The aim of this study is to determine the feasibility of using probiotic bacterial culture-derived materials as cosmetic materials by measuring the effect on UVB-induced photoaging in human keratinocytes. Considering the formulation design for human application, the bacterial cell lysate and culture supernatant were separated from the cultured broth of Limosilactobacillus fermentum IDCC 3901. The test materials were treated to HaCaT cells and then irradiated with UVB to determine cell viability, antioxidant activity, and inhibition of collagen degradation. Cell survival rate, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, collagen content, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) production were measured. The test materials demonstrated protective effects on HaCaT cells exposed to UVB, as evidenced by a reduction in ROS generation through enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity. Additionally, the test materials down-regulated the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-9, resulting in an augmentation of collagen content. These findings suggest that materials derived from probiotic cultivation exhibit potential for use as anti-aging agents in cosmetics, particularly against UVB-induced skin damage.
Abstract : The anti-cancer and anti-oxidant activities of methanolic extracts from two indigenous freshwater microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris and Parachlorella sp.) were evaluated in vitro. The extracts from Chlorella vulgaris and Parachlorella sp. contained total polyphenols (236.9 ± 13.3, 223.0 ± 4.5 mg/g extract, respectively) and flavonoids (14.6 ± 1.3, 31.3 ± 3.1 mg/g extract respectively). Their anti-oxidant activities were evaluated 20 ± 1% and 95 ± 2%, respectively, when treated with 50 mg/mL of the extracts. From the results of cytotoxicity test, both extracts did not inhibited significantly growth of human breast epithelial cells treated with 10 μg/mL to 500 μg/mL. The microalgal extracts effectively suppressed growth of various cancer cells (DLD-1, MDA-MB 231, MIA PaCa-2 and HCC827). Especially, the extracts from C. vulgaris and Parachlorella sp. effectively inhibited growth of DLD-1 cancer cells (97% and 69%, respectively) when treated with 500 and 1,000 μg/mL, respectively. These results clearly demonstrate that the methanolic extract of C. vulgaris and Parachlorella sp. could be used as a potential natural material as pharmaceutical ingredients.
Abstract : Due to global warming and sustainability issues, greenhouse gas reduction and carbon neutralization are essential goals worldwide. As a valuable means of solving environmental problems, mushrooms, and their mycelia are getting much interest from the R&D sectors to the public. In this review, the recent literature on the application of mushroom mycelium as various industrial materials such as leather, building materials, electronic materials, fiber, packaging (alternative plastic), and insulation has been summarized and discussed. Mushroom mycelium can utilize agricultural and forestry by-products, can be biodegradable, and can control physical properties according to the processing method, so it has highly valuable. In addition, relatively little energy is used, effectively reducing carbon. As a result, mushroom mycelium research should be further developed to create an eco-friendly and healthy future society.
Abstract : Over the past decade, mass spectrometry-based bottom-up proteomics (BUP) has been widely used to identify and to quantify complete proteomes from a biological system such as a cell, tissue, or organism. However, due to the protein inference problem, BUP approaches have intrinsic limitations for identifying and characterizing intact proteins that underlie complex traits and molecular mechanisms in biology. In contrast to BUP, which measures peptides produced from proteins by proteolytic digestion, top-down proteomics (TDP) is a powerful technology that allows for measuring intact proteins without proteolysis, thus identifying and quantifying proteoforms which provide new insights into molecular mechanisms. A proteoform is a defined form of a protein product from a single gene, including combinatorial coding polymorphisms, alternative RNA splicing events, and post-translational modifications (PTMs) on the same molecule. In this review, we outline some advances in separation, ionization, and fragmentation of intact proteins and data processing for TDP along with the growing power of proteoform-resolved measurements in clinical and translational research and biotechnology.
Abstract : Microalgae have been known as superior producers of valuable carotenoids via their defensive mechanism against environmental changes. In this study, nitrogen and phosphorus starvation (NPS), high light intensity (HL), and high salinity (HS) stress culture conditions were subjected to indigenous freshwater microalga, Mychonastes pushpae culture to investigate gene expression levels of phytoene synthase (PSY), phytoene desaturase (PDS), and zeta-carotene desaturase (ZDS) involved in carotenoid biosynthesis as well as to enhance lutein productivity. For this, the microalgal cells were cultivated in 0.5 L bubble column photobioreactors under the stress conditions. Based on the third day of culture, the lutein content of M. pushpae cultured under the NPS condition was 4.4 times higher than the control. The transcription level of PSY in M. pushpae under NPS and HL stress conditions significantly increased more than 100-fold compared to those in non-stress conditions. The expression levels of PDS and ZDS of M. pushpae increased under the culture condition with NPS, NPS & HL and NPS & HS stress compared to the control. From the results, subjecting only NPS stress to M. pushpae culture was the most effective stress for lutein production in terms of lutein productivity and carotenoid gene expression
Abstract : Bacterial counting methods are critical issue in fundamental biology and biotechnology because quantitatively precise analysis of bacteria is able to investigate their characteristics. However, conventional manual-based counting methods including plate counting, hemocytometry, and turbidimetry, are limited in labor intensive, time-consuming, relatively expensive way. In addition, they are difficult to be applied in large-scale or high through put applications. Here, we present efficient automatic approach using phase contrast image analysis-based bacterial counting. In this study, we have investigated the advance in digital image analysis and applied this phase contrast image-based analysis to screen the increment of non-fluorescence cells in microfluidic droplet system. In addition, we were able to analyze time-lapse images in stack and track cells automatically. In conclusion, this study provides new ideas for the development of microorganism counting and systematic suggestions for implementing integrated microorganism counting method with microfluidic system. We envision that this simple analysis method can be used to the development of cell counting analysis using non fluorescence pathogen or clinical sample in droplet system.
Abstract : Quercus acuta Thunb (QA) has been reported to contain various polyphenolic and flavonoid components, contributing to its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiviral effects. However, most studies have focused on Q. acuta Thunb leaves, and there is limited research comparing the physiological activities of leaves and branches or addressing wrinkle improvement. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activity and wrinkle inhibition effects of Q. acuta Thunb leaf and branch extracts using hot water, 70% ethanol and 100% ethanol. Additionally, LC-MS/MS analysis was employed to identify the physiologically active components in Q. acuta Thunb leaves and branch extracts. The comparison of antioxidant activities between Q. acuta Thunb leaves and branches revealed higher antioxidant activity in Q. acuta Thunb branch extract, with an IC50 value of 117.54 μg/mL in the ABTS radical scavenging assay. To verify the wrinkle improvement effect, the enzyme inhibition activity of collagenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase was measured. The enzyme inhibition experiment results showed that Q. acuta Thunb branches 100% ethanol extract (QAB3) had enzyme inhibition activity, with IC50 values of 390.40 μg/mL, 309.44 μg/mL and 307.98 μg/mL, respectively. RT-PCR results on epidermal cells (HaCaT) showed a decrease in the expression of MMP-3 and MMP-9, enzymes responsible for collagen degradation. Therefore, QAB3 extract proves to be a highly effective substance for antioxidant activity and wrinkle improvement, suggesting its potential use as a functional material in various beauty products.
Abstract : When natural substances containing polyphenols are heated, the structure of polyphenols have been changed to result in the change of biological activities. In addition, this process imparts new flavors and tastes by preserving moisture and reducing unnecessary flavors. Camellia japonica has been reported to possess physiological activities in various parts of the plant, including leaves (CJL), flower buds, and stems. However, there is a shortage of reports on the physiological activities of extracts subjected to heat treatment. This study evaluated the antioxidant activities, the total phenolics content, total flavonoid content, and anti-obesity activity (α-glucosidase inhibition activity and lipase inhibition activity) of heat-treated C. japonica leaves (CJLH) extract. HPLC and LC-MS/MS techniques were used to verify any alterations in the active ingredient content. Our findings demonstrated that CJL displayed substantial antioxidant and anti-obesity activity. HPLC analysis revealed that catechin was the highest among the polyphenol components. L-Ascorbic acid was detected at high levels in CJL, CJLH1, and CJLH2, but was presumed to be lost due to thermal decomposition in CJLH3 and CJLH4 (The number means different process). In LC-MS/MS analysis, catechin had the highest content and CJLH3 had the highest polyphenol content among the extracts. Based on the data, CJLH can be useful as natural cosmetics, food materials for flavor enhancement and anti-obesity applications.
Abstract : Microfluidic devices have become indispensable tools in the field of bioengineering, enabling precise manipulation and analysis of fluids at the microscale. Recently, the advent of 3D printing technology has revolutionized the fabrication process of microfluidic devices, offering unprecedented design flexibility and ease of customization. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the application of 3D printed microfluidic devices in bioengineering. We discuss the advantages of 3D printing techniques in terms of rapid prototyping, high-resolution fabrication, and integration of complex geometries, and highlight the diverse range of applications, including cell culture, drug screening, tissue engineering, and organ-on-a-chip systems. Overall, 3D printed microfluidic devices have tremendous potential to advance bioengineering research and pave the way for personalized medicine and improved healthcare outcomes.
Abstract : Xanthophyll carotenoids are pigments composed of terpene structures found in various organisms. They have attracted significant attention in the food, nutrition, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries due to their remarkable anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Among these, Deinoxanthin, produced by microorganisms of the Deinococcus genus, is known for its superior radical scavenging activity compared to well-known carotenoids like lutein, beta-carotene, and zeaxanthin, owing to its unique structural specificity. The aim of this study was to optimize carbon sources to establish efficient production platform for deinoxanthin using Deinococcus radiodurans. Glycerol proved to be the most effective carbon source for the synthesis of deinoxanthin among those that were examined. From optical density at 600 nm of 37.5 of D. radiodurans, more than 19.8 mg/L of deinoxanthin was produced. Furthermore, the viability of employing inexpensive carbon sources was tested using crude glycerol. A productivity of 20.2 mg/L of deinoxanthin was produced from the optical density at 600 nm of 37.5 of the cell after 72 hours of fermentation. These findings indicated that the D. radiodurans strain might be used to produce carotenoids in a cost-effective manner using cheap carbon source such as crude glycerol and be further employed in a wide range of biotechnological applications, such as food, nutrition, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.
Junehyung Kim
Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengineering Journal 2023; 38(1): 1-11
https://doi.org/10.7841/ksbbj.2023.38.1.1
Hee-Won An, Chi-Yeon Song, Yu-Rim Ahn, Ji-Yeon Park, Miso Jeong, Hyun-Hee Ryu, Sukchan Lee, Hyun-Ouk Kim
Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengineering Journal 2022; 37(4): 123-130
https://doi.org/10.7841/ksbbj.2022.37.4.123
Eun-hee Lee and Kyung-Sup Yoon
Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengineering Journal 2023; 38(2): 112-120
https://doi.org/10.7841/ksbbj.2023.38.2.112
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