Fig. 2. Functional importance of replication origin, promoter, and selection marker as essential parts in expression vectors. Besides wellknown effect of promoters on protein expression, the regulatory function of the replication origin for copy number control can cause a metabolic burden due to the shared DNA replication machinery with the host. Antibiotic resistance genes used as selection markers require selective pressure (antibiotics) that targets the step of central dogma, such as a replication, transcription, and translation. Therefore, all the three parts are closely linked with the physiological stresses in cells, and thus can affect cell growth and consequently expression level of the target proteins.
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