Current Issue
September 2023
Volume 38, No.3
pISSN 1225-7117
eISSN 2288-8268
Review Paper 30 September 2023
Research Paper 30 September 2023
Research Paper 30 September 2023
Research Paper 30 September 2023
Research Paper 30 September 2023
Research Paper 30 September 2023
Abstract : Due to global warming and sustainability issues, greenhouse gas reduction and carbon neutralization are essential goals worldwide. As a valuable means of solving environmental problems, mushrooms, and their mycelia are getting much interest from the R&D sectors to the public. In this review, the recent literature on the application of mushroom mycelium as various industrial materials such as leather, building materials, electronic materials, fiber, packaging (alternative plastic), and insulation has been summarized and discussed. Mushroom mycelium can utilize agricultural and forestry by-products, can be biodegradable, and can control physical properties according to the processing method, so it has highly valuable. In addition, relatively little energy is used, effectively reducing carbon. As a result, mushroom mycelium research should be further developed to create an eco-friendly and healthy future society.
Abstract : In this study, the parameters of the enzymatic hydrolysis process were optimized using response surface methodology to increase the saccharification efficiency with pretreated barley straw of high loading. A central composite design was adopted as the experimental design to investigate the interaction between variables at different levels and derive an optimal point by the fitted model. Through ANOVA analysis, the fitted model was turned to be significant statistically and suitable for explaining the data with Adj. R2 value (0.92). The optimal point was suggested as barley straw 20.53%, enzyme 70 mg/g-glucan, incubation time 72 h, saccharification yield was 93.25% with satisfying the 95% prediction interval. Using the optimal point, separate hydrolysis and fermentation was performed to investigate the saccharification reproducibility at scale-up and suitability of saccharification solution for the microbial fermentation.
Abstract : There is an urgent need to elucidate how the introduction of cavitation bubbles or gas bubbles during precipitation improves the precipitation efficiency. In this study, the role of the bubble surface according to the gas flow rate and air sparger pore size in the gas bubble-based fractionation of (+)-dihydromyricetin, a natural bioactive compound, was investigated. As the gas flow rate increased and the air sparger pore size decreased, the bubble surface increased. At gas flow rates of 0.5 to 1.5 L/min, the yield and rate constant increased to be 1.7 to 1.9 and 2.6 to 5.5 times (air sparger pore size 10 μm), 1.4 to 1.8 and 1.9 to 4.7 times (30 μm), and 1.3 to 1.8 and 1.4 to 4.2 times (43 μm) higher than those obtained in the conventional precipitation. In addition, the changes in activation energy decreased as the bubble surface increased. The mechanism, by which nucleation could be induced seems to be heterogeneous due to the bubble surface provided.
Abstract : When natural substances containing polyphenols are heated, the structure of polyphenols have been changed to result in the change of biological activities. In addition, this process imparts new flavors and tastes by preserving moisture and reducing unnecessary flavors. Camellia japonica has been reported to possess physiological activities in various parts of the plant, including leaves (CJL), flower buds, and stems. However, there is a shortage of reports on the physiological activities of extracts subjected to heat treatment. This study evaluated the antioxidant activities, the total phenolics content, total flavonoid content, and anti-obesity activity (α-glucosidase inhibition activity and lipase inhibition activity) of heat-treated C. japonica leaves (CJLH) extract. HPLC and LC-MS/MS techniques were used to verify any alterations in the active ingredient content. Our findings demonstrated that CJL displayed substantial antioxidant and anti-obesity activity. HPLC analysis revealed that catechin was the highest among the polyphenol components. L-Ascorbic acid was detected at high levels in CJL, CJLH1, and CJLH2, but was presumed to be lost due to thermal decomposition in CJLH3 and CJLH4 (The number means different process). In LC-MS/MS analysis, catechin had the highest content and CJLH3 had the highest polyphenol content among the extracts. Based on the data, CJLH can be useful as natural cosmetics, food materials for flavor enhancement and anti-obesity applications.
Abstract : Obesity is well known as a metabolic abnormality and potentially life-threatening condition associated with several chronic diseases. Various peptide drugs have been developed to treat obesity. In this study, optimization of expression conditions were performed to produce glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which is used as an obesity treatment in recombinant E. coli. After the construction of expression vector system and optimization of expression conditions, the productivity of GLP-1 was increased to 11.18 mg/L·h in flask cultivation. Through fermentation conditions were optimized for bioreactor, the GLP-1 productivity was increased to 16.80 mg/L·h in bioreactor, which was 50.27% improvement as compared to the flask cultivation. When 1.00 mM lactose was used as an inducer instead of IPTG, 17.39% higher expression was shown than that with 0.01 mM IPTG.
Abstract : The free fatty acid (FFA) content in the feedstock lipids of microalgae (MA), sewage sludge (SS), and waste coffee grounds (WCGs) were 7.6%, 38.5%, and 1.7%, respectively. For a single feedstock lipid, the maximum biodiesel conversion was about 70% for MA lipids using acid or alkaline catalysts, 29.6% for SS lipids using acid catalysts, and 93.5% for WCG lipids using alkaline catalysts. For a mixture of MA and SS lipids, the maximum biodiesel conversion was only 38.6% in the experimental range tested. In contrast, for mixtures of WCG and MA lipids and WCG and SS lipids, where WCG lipids accounted for three-fourth of the mixtures, the biodiesel conversions using an alkaline catalyst were 89.5% and 70.0%, respectively. When MA, SS, and WCG lipids were mixed in equal proportions, 71.8% biodiesel conversion was obtained with 3.0 wt% of an alkaline catalyst. This study shows that WCG lipids, when used with lipids having high FFA content, are crucial for improving the conversion of lipids into biodiesel. In addition, by manipulating the proportion of WCG lipids in the mixture, we were able to use an alkaline catalyst, which has several advantages over an acid catalyst, to produce biodiesel at a relatively high biodiesel conversion.
Jeong Un Kim, Kang Jin Lee, and Moon Il Kim
Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengineering Journal 2022; 37(2): 41-48
https://doi.org/10.7841/ksbbj.2022.37.2.41
Hanchul Ko, Hyun Wook Yoo, and Jong Youn Baik
Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengineering Journal 2022; 37(1): 32-40
https://doi.org/10.7841/ksbbj.2022.37.1.32
Chae Hwan Cho, Ji-Hong Kim, Jae Hwan Shin, Hyo-Jung Yang, and Jong Pil Park*
Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengineering Journal 2021; 36(4): 221-230
https://doi.org/10.7841/ksbbj.2021.36.4.221
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